One of the most complex joints in the body is the Ankle. It's structure of intricate bones, tendons, and ligaments is under the control of an equally complex group of muscles. The variety of movements the ankle performs, subjects it to forces that are far greater in proportion to its size than many areas of the body. It is easy to understand why ankle injuries are the most common of all Slip and Trip injuries.
When the ligaments that stabilise the ankle are overstretched or torn, the result is a sprained ankle. There are 3 grades sprained of ankle, grade 1 (mild), grade 2 (moderate), grade 3 (severe).Three ligaments stabilise the lateral ankle: the anterior talofibular (ATF), calcaneofibular (CF) and posterior talofibular ligaments. In a grade 1 sprain, the anterior talofibular ligament is stretched causing pain and tenderness just anterior/inferior to the lateral malleolus. There are different definitions to a grade 2 sprain but typically, a grade 2 sprain involves injury to the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments. A grade 3 sprain involves rupture of the ATF and CF ligaments. Sometimes what appears to be an ankle sprain is really a fractured bone. This can be either the end of one of the long bones of the lower leg, the fibula, or a fracture of one of the bones of the foot. Thus, care must be taken with an injured ankle to make sure exactly what is injured.
The symptoms of an ankle sprain are pain, tenderness and swelling,which usually occurring within the first few minutes of the injury. Sprains are graded as mild (the ligament is strained or overly stretched), moderate (partially torn ligament), or severe (a complete tear, meaning that the ligament can no longer control the ankle joint). If the swelling and pain are slight and you can put weight on the ankle, the sprain is mild and you may not need medical attention. If you heard a popping sound when you sprained your ankle, if the ankle looks abnormally bent, and/or if the swelling is severe and the skin discoloured, you should suspect a severe sprain or even a fracture and see a doctor or go the emergency room as soon as possible. Not all sprained ankles need to have x-rays to determine the nature of the injury. This depends upon the symptoms and signs as determined by your doctor or other health professional.
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